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Related Concept Videos

Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
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Tactile Vision, Epistemic Things and Data Visualization.

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Hans-Jörg Rheinberger

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Area of Science:

  • Epistemology
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Life Sciences

Background:

  • Hans-Jörg Rheinberger's historical epistemology analyzed experimental practices in 1970s-80s molecular biology.
  • The rise of big data (genetic sequencing, multi-omics) challenges his concept of the experimental system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To historicize Rheinberger's epistemology.
  • To examine its connection to Ludwik Fleck's concept of "aviso of resistance".
  • To analyze the shift in Rheinberger's focus from writing to material practices and representations.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of Rheinberger's work.
  • Conceptual comparison with Ludwik Fleck's theories.
  • Examination of evolving experimental practices in life sciences.

Main Results:

  • Rheinberger's epistemology shows a shift towards material practices and representations.
  • Visualization in big data science emphasizes patterns and correlations over substrates.
  • Rheinberger's work offers insights into changing experimental conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Rheinberger's epistemology requires re-evaluation in light of big data.
  • Visualization's role in contemporary life sciences experimentation is highlighted.
  • The study connects historical epistemology to current big data challenges.