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Melatonin prevents diabetes-induced nephropathy by modulating the AMPK/SIRT1 axis: Focus on autophagy and

Jain Siddhi1, Bhoomika Sherkhane1, Anil Kumar Kalavala2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India.

Cell Biology International
|September 10, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Melatonin protects against diabetic kidney disease by enhancing nutrient sensing pathways like AMPK/SIRT1 and autophagy. This study shows melatonin improves kidney function and cellular health in diabetic models.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Diabetic kidney disease involves impaired nutrient sensing (AMPK/SIRT1) and autophagy.
  • Melatonin, an antioxidant, may modulate these pathways.
  • Targeting these mechanisms could prevent renal damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate melatonin's protective effects against diabetic renal injury.
  • To assess melatonin's impact on AMPK/SIRT1 axis and autophagy in diabetic nephropathy.
  • To elucidate the role of AMPK activation in melatonin's renoprotective action.

Main Methods:

  • Streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy model in rats.
  • In vitro high-glucose-induced tubular injury model using NRK-52E cells.
  • Melatonin administration and AMPK inhibition (Compound-C) followed by molecular analysis.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin treatment improved renal function and attenuated injury in diabetic rats.
  • Melatonin upregulated AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1α, TFAM, and enhanced autophagy in vivo and in vitro.
  • Inhibition of AMPK reversed melatonin's protective effects in NRK-52E cells.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin exerts renoprotective effects in diabetic nephropathy.
  • These effects are mediated by the upregulation of the AMPK/SIRT1 axis, autophagy, and mitochondrial health.
  • Melatonin shows therapeutic potential for managing diabetic kidney disease.
Keywords:
AMPKautophagydiabetic nephropathykidneymelatoninoxidative stress

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