Effect of restricting menthol flavored cigarettes or E-cigarettes on smoking behavior in menthol smokers

Bans of menthol characterizing flavor in tobacco products have been enacted in some localities and proposed in the United States for cigarettes. To gather data regarding how restrictions for menthol in cigarettes and e-cigarettes may affect current menthol cigarette smokers, 37 African American menthol smokers participated in a pilot study in which they were asked to abstain (n = 18) or not abstain from menthol cigarettes (n = 19) for 8-weeks. All participants received menthol flavored e-cigarettes for 4 weeks and tobacco flavored e-cigarettes for 4 weeks in random order. Number of cigarettes smoked per day (estimated mean ratio [EMR] = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.72) and exhaled CO concentrations (EMR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.88) were lower in the menthol cigarette abstainer group compared to the menthol cigarette non-abstainer group. Those in the menthol cigarette abstainer group reported higher scores on motivation to quit (p = 0.03) and perceived effectiveness of quitting skills (p = 0.02). There were no substantial effects seen in amount smoked or exhaled CO based on flavor of e-cigarettes provided. Higher e-cigarette use (based on reported puffs per day) was reported in the menthol cigarette abstainer (vs. non-abstainer) group (p < 0.01) and also during the 4-week period when provided with menthol (vs. tobacco) e-cigarettes (p < 0.01). These data suggest that the potential of e-cigarettes to reduce tobacco related harm may be enhanced if combined with a ban on menthol flavor in combustible cigarettes. Larger studies are needed to determine the effect of limiting menthol in e-cigarettes on smoking behavior among current menthol smokers.