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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
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Multivariable modeling, optimization and experimental study of Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution using peanut

Ashwani Kumar1, S N Upadhyay1, P K Mishra1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.

Environmental Research
|September 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peanut shell biochar effectively removes nearly all hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water. Optimized conditions and surface analysis confirm its high adsorption capacity and efficiency.

Keywords:
AdsorptionBiocharCr(VI) removalOptimizationPeanut shellRSM

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a toxic pollutant frequently found in industrial wastewater.
  • Effective and sustainable methods for Cr(VI) removal are crucial for environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To produce biochar from peanut shell biomass for Cr(VI) removal.
  • To optimize the adsorption conditions for Cr(VI) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
  • To characterize the biochar and elucidate the Cr(VI) adsorption mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Pyrolysis of peanut shell biomass at 923 K under N2 atmosphere.
  • Optimization of pH, temperature, and adsorbent dose using Box-Behnken design (RSM).
  • Characterization of peanut shell biochar (PSB) using FESEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, EDX, and pHzpc.

Main Results:

  • Optimized conditions (pH 2.0, 303 K, 2.5 g L-1) achieved 99.99% Cr(VI) removal.
  • FTIR and EDX confirmed the presence of functional groups and Cr(VI) on PSB.
  • Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm (capacity: 29.38 mg g-1).
  • Thermodynamic studies indicated an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process.

Conclusions:

  • Peanut shell biochar (PSB) is a highly effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal.
  • The adsorption mechanism involves electrostatic attraction, reduction, and complexation.
  • Optimized PSB shows significant potential for industrial wastewater treatment.