Interaction between Sars-CoV-2 structural proteins and host cellular receptors: From basic mechanisms to clinical...

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Pathology

Background:

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic impacts global health.
• Viral entry mechanisms involve angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and other receptors like Neuropillin 1, TLRs, CD147, and integrin α5β1.
• Metabolic diseases increase COVID-19 severity and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2.
• To highlight pathological mechanisms of COVID-19.
• To delineate consequent clinical diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent findings on SARS-CoV-2.
• Analysis of viral entry pathways.
• Examination of clinical complications and links to metabolic diseases.

Main Results:

• SARS-CoV-2 utilizes ACE2 and novel receptors for cell entry.
• Enriched expression of these receptors in metabolic organs exacerbates COVID-19 complications.
• Complications include hypertension, myocardial injury, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, and coagulation issues.
• Pre-existing metabolic conditions worsen patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Understanding SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanisms is crucial for managing COVID-19.
• Metabolic dysregulation significantly contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis and severity.
• This review provides insights into the multifaceted nature of COVID-19 pathology.