Plant Abiotic and Biotic Stress Alleviation: From an Endophytic Microbial Perspective

Area of Science:

• Plant biology
• Microbiology
• Agronomy

Background:

• Abiotic and biotic stresses negatively impact plant health, pest interactions, and survival, especially under climate change.
• Complex interactions between stress factors and agro-climatic conditions necessitate deeper understanding of plant stress responses.
• Endophytic microorganisms are increasingly recognized for their potential to mitigate plant stress.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of endophytic microorganisms in alleviating plant stress.
• To elucidate the mechanisms by which endophytes enhance plant tolerance to diverse stresses.
• To highlight the potential of endophytes in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on endophytic microorganisms and plant stress.
• Analysis of mechanisms employed by endophytes to support host plants.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on endophyte-mediated stress tolerance.

Main Results:

• Endophytes stimulate plant growth and enhance resilience against both abiotic and biotic stresses.
• Endophytes produce secondary metabolites that defend host plants against pathogens and environmental challenges.
• Understanding endophyte mechanisms is crucial for developing biotechnological applications in agriculture.

Conclusions:

• Endophytic microorganisms offer a promising avenue for enhancing crop resilience and productivity.
• Further research into the diverse mechanisms of endophytes is needed for their effective commercialization.
• Harnessing endophytes can contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and food security.