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Drug Delivery: Overview

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release

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Published on: February 13, 2016

Dual-functional polyetheretherketone surface with programmed sequential drug release coating.

Wei-Hong Yin¹, Chang-Hai Zhou¹, Xiao-Jie Ju²

¹School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces

|September 11, 2022

Summary

This study developed a dual-functional coating for polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants, improving bone integration and fighting infection. The coating provides sequential drug release for enhanced bone repair and antibacterial activity.

Keywords:

Antibacterial activity Composite gel coating Osseointegration Polyetheretherketone Programmed sequential drug release

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Bioinert polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has poor bacteriostasis and osseointegration, limiting its clinical use in bone repair.
Developing functional coatings is crucial to overcome PEEK's limitations for orthopedic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a dual-functional coating on porous PEEK for programmed sequential drug release.
To enhance both antibacterial properties and osseointegration of PEEK materials.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a composite coating using drug-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel on sulfonated PEEK via a cyclic freeze-thaw method.
Investigating the sequential release of antibacterial and osteogenic drugs based on PVA swelling and PLGA degradation.
In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and assessment of cell behavior (growth, adhesion, proliferation) and osteogenic differentiation (ALP activity, calcium deposition).

Main Results:

The modified PEEK exhibited effective early antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
The composite coating supported normal cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation.
Enhanced osteogenic differentiation was observed, indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition.

Conclusions:

The developed dual-drug-loaded composite gel coating on porous PEEK demonstrates excellent osseointegration and early antibacterial activity.
This dual-functional PEEK material shows significant potential for clinical applications in bone tissue repair.