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The early-life gut microbiome and vaccine efficacy

Anne Jordan1, Simon R Carding2, Lindsay J Hall3

  • 1Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.

The Lancet. Microbe
|September 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Gut bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides impact infant vaccine efficacy. Understanding these microbes can lead to improved vaccine responses and development of novel adjuvants.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vaccine efficacy varies significantly in infants globally.
  • Gut microbiome composition is a key factor influencing infant immune responses to vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of gut microbiota, specifically Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, in early life immunity.
  • To explore how these microbes affect infant vaccine responses and efficacy.
  • To discuss current and novel microbiota-based strategies for enhancing vaccine outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the immunomodulatory properties of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides.
  • Analysis of host-microbe interactions and their impact on vaccine efficacy.
  • Overview of microbiota-based interventions and microbe-derived vaccine components.

Main Results:

  • Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides possess health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties.
  • Gut microbiota composition directly influences the effectiveness of infant vaccinations.
  • Microbiota-based approaches show promise for improving vaccine responses.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota plays a critical role in modulating infant immunity and vaccine efficacy.
  • Targeting specific gut microbes like Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides offers potential for enhancing vaccine responses.
  • Novel microbe-derived components could lead to the development of more effective vaccines and adjuvants.

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