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Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Diagnosis and Management of Persistent Pulmonary Arterio-venous Malformations following Embolotherapy
Chinmay Bhimaji Kulkarni1, Patrik Sutphin2, Shams Iqbal2
1Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Lane, Ponekkra. Elamakkara P.O. 682041, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Abstract:
Embolotherapy is the primary treatment for pulmonary arterio-venous malformations (PAVMs). Approximately, 2-25% of PAVMs demonstrate persistence following embolization. Early identification and treatment of persistent PAVMs are critical to mitigating life threatening complications. The presence of prior embolic devices and complex angioarchitecture of persistent PAVMs pose technical challenges during repeat embolotherapy. In this article, we review patterns of persistence, factors affecting the persistence, endovascular treatment techniques, and outcomes.
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