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Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can identify factors impacting HIV treatment adherence. Dissatisfaction with antiretroviral therapy (ART) was strongly linked to suboptimal adherence, suggesting PROs can aid in managing HIV care.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Public health
  • HIV/AIDS management

Background:

  • Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) enhance patient-provider communication and focus on current health issues.
  • Understanding factors associated with suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is crucial for managing HIV.
  • Previous research highlights the importance of patient perspectives in healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between suboptimal ART adherence and various factors identified through PROs.
  • To identify sociodemographic and health-related predictors of poor ART adherence among people with HIV (PWH).
  • To assess the utility of PROs in routine HIV care for adherence management.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of data from 1632 people with HIV (PWH) at 2 North American outpatient clinics.
  • PROs assessing treatment satisfaction, housing stability, depression, violence, malnutrition risk, and substance use were administered.
  • Logistic regression models and multiple imputation were used to determine factors associated with suboptimal adherence (<95% or <80%).

Main Results:

  • Of 1239 PWH who responded, 22% reported <95% and 9% reported <80% adherence.
  • Dissatisfaction with ART was significantly associated with both <95% and <80% adherence (adjusted ORs 2.76 and 3.28, respectively).
  • No significant association was found between malnutrition risk and <95% adherence after multiple imputation; other factors were not significantly associated with suboptimal adherence.

Conclusions:

  • PROs assessing treatment satisfaction are valuable tools for managing ART adherence in people with HIV.
  • Integrating PROs into routine HIV care can help identify patients at risk for suboptimal adherence.
  • Further research may explore other PRO-derived factors influencing adherence.