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Regulated necrosis in COVID-19: A double-edged sword
Chen Sun1, Yunze Han1, Ruoyu Zhang1
1Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Frontiers in Immunology
|September 12, 2022
Summary
Regulated necrosis, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, contributes to severe inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19. Understanding these cell death pathways offers targets for better COVID-19 treatments.
Area of Science:
- * Molecular Biology
- * Immunology
- * Virology
Background:
- * COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) can lead to systemic illness, including pneumonia and cytokine storm, driven by SARS-CoV-2.
- * Low apoptosis conditions in COVID-19 are associated with regulated necrosis pathways: necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis.
- * Regulated necrosis contributes to inflammation by releasing cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and cellular contents (alarmins, PAMPs, DAMPs).
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review the pathophysiology and mechanisms of regulated necrosis in COVID-19.
- * To explore the dual role of regulated necrosis in disease severity and inflammation.
- * To identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets within regulated necrosis pathways for COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- * Comprehensive literature review of studies on regulated necrosis and COVID-19.
- * Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to cell death pathways.
- * Examination of cytokine release and inflammatory mediator involvement.
Main Results:
- * Uncontrolled regulated necrosis correlates with poor prognosis and cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.
- * Regulated necrosis acts as a double-edged sword, contributing to both viral clearance and excessive inflammation.
- * Specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets within these pathways have been identified.
Conclusions:
- * Regulated necrosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.
- * Targeting necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
- * Further research into these pathways can guide clinical management and drug development for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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