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Mitigation of block withholding attack based on zero-determinant strategy.

Min Ren1, Hongfeng Guo1, Zhihao Wang2

  • 1School of Statistics and Mathematics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.

Peerj. Computer Science
|September 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces zero-determinant strategies to resolve the mining dilemma in Bitcoin

Keywords:
Block withholding attackMining dilemmaZero-determinant

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Game Theory
  • Cryptocurrency

Background:

  • Bitcoin mining pools face a dilemma due to block withholding attacks.
  • Rational pools may engage in infiltration attacks, creating a consensus algorithm dilemma.
  • This compromises overall system revenue and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose zero-determinant strategies for optimizing mining pool behavior.
  • To increase total system revenues within the Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism.
  • To resolve the mining dilemma and mitigate attacks.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study of zero-determinant strategies, including set and extortionate approaches.
  • Devised an adaptive zero-determinant strategy adjusting cooperation probability based on prior revenue.
  • Simulated 30 game strategy sets to analyze mining pool revenue variations.

Main Results:

  • Zero-determinant strategies improve cooperation convergence rates.
  • These strategies effectively mitigate block withholding attacks.
  • The adaptive strategy offers enhanced stability and revenue compared to extortionate strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Zero-determinant strategies offer a viable solution to the Bitcoin mining dilemma.
  • Adaptive zero-determinant strategies provide superior stability and revenue maximization.
  • Optimizing mining pool behavior enhances overall system performance and security.