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Processing speed mediates the association between physical activity and executive functioning in elderly adults.

Anabela Silva-Fernandes1, Sara Cruz2, Célia Sofia Moreira3

  • 1Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.

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Summary

Higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in older adults is linked to better cognitive function. Processing speed mediates the positive effects of MVPA on executive functions and memory, highlighting the importance of physical activity for healthy cognitive aging.

Keywords:
MVPAagingexecutive functionsphysical activityprocessing speed

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Advanced aging is frequently accompanied by cognitive decline, posing significant healthcare and socio-economic challenges.
  • Identifying factors that promote cognitive health in older adults is crucial for improving quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cardiorespiratory fitness with cognitive functioning in healthy older adults.
  • To examine the mediating role of processing speed in the association between physical activity and executive functions and long-term memory.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-two healthy older adults (63-77 years) participated.
  • Measurements included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak), 1-week accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) monitoring, and comprehensive cognitive assessments.
  • Statistical analyses explored associations and mediation effects.

Main Results:

  • Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) showed significant positive associations with cognitive processing speed.
  • Processing speed significantly mediated the relationship between MVPA and enhanced executive functioning and long-term memory.
  • Physically active older adults demonstrated superior performance in processing speed, executive functions, and language abilities compared to inactive individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Higher levels of MVPA are associated with better cognitive function in older adults.
  • Processing speed plays a key mediating role in how physical activity benefits higher-order cognitive functions.
  • Promoting physical activity, particularly MVPA, is a viable strategy for supporting cognitive health during aging.