Effect of the Graphene- Ni/NiFe₂O₄ Composite on Bacterial Inhibition Mediated by Protein Degradation

Recent investigations have demonstrated that nickel ferrite nanoparticles and their derivatives have toxicity effects on bacterial cells. In this study, we have prepared nickel ferrite nanoparticles (Ni/NiFe₂O₄) and nickel/nickel ferrite graphene oxide (Ni/NiFe₂O₄-GO) nanocomposite and evaluated their toxic effects on E. coli cells ATCC 25922. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques. The toxicity was evaluated using variations in cell viability, cell morphology, protein degradation, and oxidative stress. Ni/NiFe₂O₄-GO nanocomposites likewise prompt oxidative stress proved by the age of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhaustion of antioxidant glutathione. This is the first report indicating that Ni/NiFe₂O₄-GO nanocomposite-initiated cell death in E. coli through ROS age and oxidative stress.