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Related Concept Videos

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Cell Migration01:09

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
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An evolutionary and physiological perspective on cell-substrate adhesion machinery for cell migration.

Julio C Fierro Morales1, Qian Xue1, Minna Roh-Johnson1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|September 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cell-substrate adhesion, crucial for cell migration, involves focal adhesions linking the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. This review explores their evolution and in vivo function across eukaryotes, expanding beyond traditional metazoan studies.

Keywords:
cell migrationcell-substrate adhesionevolutionfocal adhesionin vivo environment

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cell-substrate adhesion is vital for cell migration, mediated by focal adhesions that connect the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the actin cytoskeleton.
  • Current understanding of focal adhesions largely stems from in vitro studies in Metazoa, limiting insights into their broader evolutionary context and in vivo roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cell-substrate adhesion machinery in organisms evolutionarily distant from Metazoa.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on the in vivo function of focal adhesions in single and collective cell migration.
  • To highlight the importance of studying cell adhesion in diverse eukaryotic systems for understanding physiological processes like cancer and pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cell-substrate adhesion mechanisms in non-metazoan eukaryotes.
  • Analysis of studies visualizing cell-substrate adhesions in vivo.
  • Synthesis of research on focal adhesion function during cell migration in vivo.

Main Results:

  • Focal adhesions are conserved across eukaryotes, playing critical roles in cell migration.
  • In vivo studies reveal diverse mechanisms of focal adhesion dynamics during single and collective cell migration.
  • Comparative analysis across evolutionary lineages provides new perspectives on adhesion evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Investigating cell-substrate adhesion machinery in diverse eukaryotes, particularly in vivo, is essential for a comprehensive understanding of cell migration.
  • Future research should focus on evolutionary comparisons and in vivo visualization to uncover novel roles of focal adhesions in health and disease.
  • Understanding adhesion mechanisms across eukaryotes has implications for fields ranging from developmental biology to cancer research.