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Infectious diseases associated with pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review

Gianluca Piccolo1,2, Elena Lucia De Rose1, Marta Bassi1,3

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|September 12, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes face higher risks from infections due to impaired immunity. Good metabolic control and vaccinations are crucial for mitigating these risks and improving outcomes in pediatric diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked to weakened immune responses, increasing infection severity and adverse outcomes.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted increased vulnerability in diabetic patients, especially those with comorbidities or poor glycemic control.
  • Pediatric diabetes management has advanced with better glycemic control tools, potentially reducing infection impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present current evidence on infectious diseases in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • To emphasize the role of metabolic control and vaccinations in managing infection risks in pediatric T1DM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of updated scientific literature on infectious diseases and pediatric type 1 diabetes.
  • Analysis of the impact of glycemic control and comorbidities on infection outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Good metabolic control in pediatric T1DM reduces microangiopathic complications and enhances immune response to infections.
  • Vaccinations are strongly recommended for children with T1DM to prevent severe infectious diseases.
  • Technological advancements in glycemic management may help mitigate infection risks.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing metabolic control from diagnosis is key to preventing complications and immune dysfunction in pediatric T1DM.
  • Proactive vaccination strategies are essential for safeguarding children with type 1 diabetes against infectious diseases.

Keywords:
adolescencechildrendiabetes mellitusimmunologyinfectionsnarrative review

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