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Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

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Using Environmental Sampling to Enable Zoonotic Pandemic Preparedness.

Avirup Sanyal^1,2, Sanskriti Agarwal^1,3, Uma Ramakrishnan²

¹Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029 India.

Journal of the Indian Institute of Science

|September 12, 2022

Summary

Studying wildlife in India is crucial for understanding zoonotic disease risks. Non-invasive sampling methods can help track bat-borne and small mammal-borne pathogens, preventing future pandemics.

Keywords:

Bats Environmental sampling Metagenomics Non-invasive sampling Rodents Viruses Zoonotic spillovers

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Area of Science:

One Health
Zoonotic Disease Ecology
Wildlife Virology

Background:

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlights the need to understand zoonotic spillover events.
Environmental and ecological factors significantly influence pathogen emergence from wildlife.
Genomic technologies aid in detecting viral threats, but data from South Asia, particularly India, is scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

To emphasize the importance of studying wildlife disease dynamics in India.
To explore the role of ecological parameters in cross-species pathogen transmission.
To propose a framework for non-invasive surveillance of zoonotic diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of environmental sampling techniques for wildlife.
Focus on non-invasive methods (feces, urine, saliva, etc.) for genetic data collection.
Analysis of genomic data for pathogen surveillance and characterization.

Main Results:

Non-invasive sampling provides valuable genetic insights into hosts and pathogens.
Environmental sampling is key to understanding disease dynamics in wildlife.
Ecological factors mediate virus spillover from wildlife to humans.

Conclusions:

Environmental sampling in Indian wildlife is vital for zoonotic disease surveillance.
Non-invasive strategies are effective for detecting and characterizing potential zoonotic pathogens.
A proactive approach is needed to mitigate the threat of emerging zoonotic infections.