Upper limb injuries in mixed martial arts.
Mohamad Y Fares1, Hasan Baydoun2, Bassem Elhassan3
1Division of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
The Physician and Sportsmedicine
|September 12, 2022
Summary
Upper limb injuries are common in Mixed-Martial-Arts (MMA), with hands most frequently injured from striking. Increased glove padding and in-bout medical checks may reduce MMA injury rates.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Combat Sports Research
Background:
- Mixed-Martial-Arts (MMA) is a rapidly growing global sport.
- Understanding injury patterns is crucial for fighter safety and performance.
- The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is a prominent MMA organization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence and trends of upper limb injuries in professional MMA.
- To identify common injury mechanisms, locations, and risk factors in MMA fighters.
- To provide data for potential injury prevention strategies in combat sports.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of ringside physician reports from UFC fights between 2016-2019.
- Inclusion of variables: sex, weight division, injury mechanism, type, location, and finish.
- Calculation of injury rates per 100 athletic exposures (AE) and statistical analysis (t-test, ANOVA, Joinpoint regression).
Main Results:
- 81 upper limb injuries were recorded in 408 fights, with an overall injury rate of 9.9 per 100 AE.
- Striking opponents was the most frequent injury mechanism (p < 0.001), and the hand was the most common injury site (6.61 per 100 AE).
- Strawweight, female flyweight, and male flyweight divisions exhibited the highest upper limb injury rates.
Conclusions:
- The hand is the most vulnerable upper limb location in MMA, primarily due to striking.
- Injury rates did not significantly differ by sex or injury type.
- Recommendations include enhanced glove padding and in-bout medical evaluations to mitigate MMA injuries.
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