Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
Published on: May 27, 2018
Role of monomolecular water and bimolecular water in IO + CH2O reaction
Peng Zhang1, Bing He2, Meilian Zhao3
1Key Laboratory of Photoinduced Functional Materials, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
A CCSD(T)//B3LYP method was employed to research the influence of monomolecular and bimolecular water molecules on the IO + CH2O reaction. H-abstraction and addition/elimination mechanisms have been located, and the H-abstraction mechanism occupied the whole reaction without water. The introduction of water complicates the reaction, but the final product remains unchanged. Water molecules influence each reaction pathway in six different pathways with monomolecular water and two different pathways with bimolecular water, respectively. The present calculations manifested that water has a positive influence on the IO + CH2O reaction with monomolecular water molecule, and plays negative catalytic influence on the IO + CH2O reaction with bimolecular water molecule. The effective rate constants are much lower than the IO + CH2O reaction without water.
Related Concept Videos
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration
Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes
Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes
Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

