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Thoracic Aorta

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The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
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The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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The thoracoacromial trunk: a detailed analysis.

Michał Bonczar1, Kamil Gabryszuk2, Patryk Ostrowski1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332, Kraków, Poland.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|September 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study details the thoracoacromial trunk (TAT) anatomy, revealing 15 variants and providing morphometric data. A new classification system for TAT branching patterns aims to improve surgical outcomes in reconstructive procedures.

Keywords:
Axillary arteryPerforator flapsSubclavian arteryThoracoacromial trunk

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The thoracoacromial trunk (TAT) is a critical vessel originating from the axillary artery.
  • Understanding TAT's anatomical variations is vital for successful reconstructive surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish anatomical variations, prevalence, and morphometric data of the TAT and its branches.
  • To propose a new classification system for TAT morphology and branching patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 55 neck and thoracic computed tomography angiographies.
  • Qualitative evaluation of TAT morphology and morphometric measurements.
  • Development of a heat map for frequent TAT locations.

Main Results:

  • Identified 15 distinct TAT morphological variants.
  • Median TAT length: 7.74 mm; median diameter: 4.19 mm; median ostial area: 13.97 mm².
  • Analysis of branch origin prevalence from the TAT.

Conclusions:

  • Presented a novel classification system for TAT based on four prevalent types.
  • Findings provide crucial anatomical insights for plastic and reconstructive surgery.
  • Aims to reduce potential complications in procedures involving the TAT.