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Nitazoxanide and COVID-19: A review
Hayder M Al-Kuraishy1, Ali I Al-Gareeb1, Engy Elekhnawy2
1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq.
Molecular Biology Reports
|September 12, 2022
Summary
Nitazoxanide (NTZ) may mitigate severe COVID-19 by reducing inflammation and restoring immunity. Further research is needed to confirm its direct antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, can lead to severe outcomes like ARDS and cytokine storm.
- Drug repurposing is explored for cost-effective COVID-19 therapies.
- Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an antiparasitic with known antiviral activity, is investigated for its potential against SARS-CoV-2.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential effects of nitazoxanide (NTZ) on SARS-CoV-2 infections.
- To elucidate the mechanisms by which NTZ might combat COVID-19-related pathologies.
Main Methods:
- The study discusses findings related to NTZ's impact on inflammatory pathways and cellular processes relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- It reviews existing knowledge on NTZ's broad-spectrum antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.
Main Results:
- NTZ may reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation by activating interferon (IFN), restoring innate immunity, and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- It can suppress mTOR, induce autophagic cell death, and inhibit oxidative stress linked to cytokine storm, ALI, ARDS, and multi-organ damage.
- Direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of NTZ were not evident in recent studies.
Conclusions:
- NTZ possesses anti-inflammatory and immunological properties that could mitigate COVID-19-induced inflammatory disorders.
- Further in silico, in vitro, and clinical studies are required to confirm NTZ's direct antiviral efficacy and therapeutic benefits in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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