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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Published on: February 13, 2018

Wavier jet streams driven by zonally asymmetric surface thermal forcing.

Woosok Moon^1,2, Baek-Min Kim², Gun-Hwan Yang²

¹Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|September 12, 2022

Summary

Global warming causes a wavier jet stream by altering land-sea thermal contrasts, leading to more extreme weather events like flooding and drought in midlatitudes.

Keywords:

Arctic amplification planetary geostrophic motion wavier jet stream zonally-asymmetric thermal forcing

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Last Updated: Aug 29, 2025

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Area of Science:

Atmospheric Science
Climate Dynamics
Meteorology

Background:

Studies link global warming to a wavier jet stream, causing midlatitude extreme weather.
Polar amplification is considered a key driver, reducing the temperature gradient and weakening zonal winds.
The precise dynamical mechanism behind this jet stream behavior remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamical mechanism linking Northern Hemisphere land-sea thermal forcing contrast to jet stream waviness.
To explore how polar amplification and suppressed jet stream intensity influence midlatitude weather extremes.
To elucidate the transition in atmospheric flow fields under specific wind conditions.

Main Methods:

Analysis of planetary geostrophic motion in response to zonally asymmetric forcing.
Modeling the influence of barotropic zonal mean wind thresholds on atmospheric flow.
Investigating the role of the beta-plane effect and dry static stability.

Main Results:

A Northern Hemisphere land-sea thermal forcing contrast drives planetary geostrophic motion, influencing jet stream waviness.
A critical threshold for barotropic zonal mean wind U determines a transition in atmospheric flow from surface-confined to upper-atmosphere reaching.
Global warming-enhanced polar amplification suppresses midlatitude jet stream intensity, contributing to increased jet stream waviness.

Conclusions:

The land-sea thermal contrast, rather than just polar amplification, is a key driver of jet stream waviness.
Suppressed jet stream intensity due to polar amplification, combined with specific flow dynamics, leads to more extreme midlatitude weather.
This research clarifies the dynamical pathway from global warming to midlatitude climate extremes.