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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Influence of Surfactant Concentration on Spontaneous Emulsification Kinetics.

Ritu Toor1, Renaud Denoyel1, Libero Liggieri2

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This study reveals how surfactant type and concentration affect spontaneous emulsification kinetics. Non-ionic surfactants like Span 80 promote water transport, while ionic surfactants like CTAB and SDS show varied effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spontaneous emulsification is a complex phenomenon crucial in various industrial processes.
  • Understanding the kinetics and influencing factors is key to controlling emulsion formation.
  • The role of different surfactant types (non-ionic vs. ionic) in this process requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinetics of spontaneous emulsification of aqueous drops in paraffin oil.
  • To determine the influence of lipophilic (Span 80) and water-soluble (CTAB, SDS) surfactants on emulsification.
  • To analyze the impact of temperature and surfactant concentration on the phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing optical microscopy in transmission mode for high-spatial-resolution imaging of pendant drops.
  • Systematically varying surfactant types, concentrations, and temperature.
  • Observing and quantifying the time evolution of interfacial changes and drop shrinkage.

Main Results:

  • The drop interface becomes opaque over time due to microstructure formation, indicating spontaneous emulsification.
  • Emulsification kinetics are dependent on temperature and surfactant concentration.
  • Higher concentrations of Span 80 and CTAB promoted water transport, while SDS hindered it.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous emulsification kinetics are significantly influenced by surfactant chemical composition and concentration.
  • Non-ionic surfactants like Span 80 and certain ionic surfactants like CTAB can enhance water transport.
  • This research offers novel insights into spontaneous emulsification mechanisms involving mixed surfactant systems.