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Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
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Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

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Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Bacterial cells were initially considered simple, randomly organized structures lacking a cytoskeleton. However, the discovery of cytoskeleton homologs in bacteria led to the change of this opinion. Bacterial cytoskeletal filaments regulate the cell shape, cell polarity, cell division, and partitioning of plasmids during cell division. It was later discovered that bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, mainly actin and tubulin homologs, are diverse compared to their eukaryotic counterparts. On the...
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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Super-Resolution Imaging of Bacterial Secreted Proteins Using Genetic Code Expansion
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Structural lessons on bacterial secretins.

Brice Barbat1, Badreddine Douzi2, Romé Voulhoux1

  • 1LCB-UMR7283, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, IMM, 13009, Marseille, France.

Biochimie
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secretins are bacterial outer membrane channels that transport large molecules. Recent 3D structures reveal how these protein channels facilitate the translocation of complex substrates across the bacterial envelope.

Keywords:
Bacterial secretinBeta-barrelCryo-EMOuter membraneStructure-function

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacteria utilize trans-envelope transport systems for environmental interaction.
  • Secretins are outer membrane protein channels involved in secreting large structures.
  • These homo-oligomeric channels are crucial for bacterial communication and virulence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent 3D structural findings on bacterial secretins.
  • To elucidate the translocation mechanisms of large substrates through secretins.
  • To understand the role of secretins in bacterial outer membrane transport.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recently determined 3D structures of secretins.
  • Integration of structural data with functional studies on secretin-mediated transport.
  • Mini-review of existing literature on secretin mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Secretins form gated channels in the outer membrane.
  • They possess a periplasmic component linked to inner membrane machinery.
  • Structural insights explain the translocation of proteins, fibers, viruses, and DNA.

Conclusions:

  • Recent structural studies provide mechanistic details of secretin function.
  • Secretins are key players in the active transport of large cargo across the bacterial envelope.
  • Understanding secretin structure-function relationships is vital for bacterial cell biology research.