Economic analysis of pest problems in agriculture and food chains in Africa

Economic impact of agricultural pests remains poorly studied, resulting in interventions rarely being evidence-based. When pests (re)emerge, researchers and donors often implement quick studies that tend to overestimate losses, leading to recommendations for immediate and substantial interventions. Incentives are lacking for scientists/research institutes to invest in objective pest assessments, as donors routinely fund projects without them. In this review, we argue for inclusion of social scientists and systematic economic analysis of pest problems and their control, consisting of four major steps: (1) estimating pests' extent and intensity, (2) conducting trials for technical and economical efficacy of control methods, (3) randomized controlled trials with participatory evaluation and effectiveness analysis of control options, and (4) impact assessment of pests and control methods. To optimize pest control, scientists and donors need to include socioeconomic analysis, leading to better use of research funds and reduction of negative environmental impacts.