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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Metabolic research
  • Animal models

Background:

  • Maternal diet and environmental temperature during gestation can influence offspring's long-term metabolic health.
  • Standard housing temperatures in developmental programming studies may induce cold stress, confounding results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of two housing temperatures (22°C and 30°C) on obesity development in offspring.
  • To examine the sex-specific effects of maternal diet (Control vs. 30% food restriction) and housing temperature on offspring metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Mouse models were used with pregnant dams housed at either 22°C (cold-exposed) or 30°C (thermoneutral).
  • Offspring were exposed to maternal diet variations and then housed at similar temperatures post-weaning.
  • Body weight, food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, and tissue analyses were performed at 6 months of age.

Main Results:

  • Food-restricted offspring (FR) at both temperatures exhibited hyperphagia, increased weight, and adiposity compared to controls.
  • Male offspring at thermoneutrality (TN) were heavier with more body fat but decreased food intake compared to cold-exposed (CE) males.
  • Female offspring showed no significant impact of housing temperature, indicating sex-specific effects.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal food restriction and housing temperature interact to influence offspring obesity, particularly in males.
  • Thermoneutral housing exacerbates adverse metabolic outcomes in male offspring of food-restricted dams.
  • Environmental temperature is a critical factor in developmental programming studies, with significant sex-specific implications.