[Epstein-Barr viral infection is a global epidemiological problem].

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Epstein-Barr viral infection (EBV) research primarily focuses on clinical aspects, neglecting epidemiological dimensions.
• Recent years show a growing number of studies on EBV, yet epidemiological issues remain underexplored.
• A high intensity of the EBV epidemic process is evident globally and within Russia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the unexplored epidemiological aspects of Epstein-Barr viral infection (EBV).
• To emphasize the urgent need for epidemiological surveillance and optimized preventive measures for EBV.
• To underscore the global nature of the EBV problem and the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration.

Main Methods:

• Review of domestic and foreign publications on Epstein-Barr viral infection (EBV).
• Analysis of epidemiological indicators, including pathogen spread and incidence of infectious mononucleosis.
• Assessment of factors influencing the EBV epidemic situation, such as co-infections and changes in immunological reactivity.

Main Results:

• Ubiquitous spread of the EBV pathogen and increased incidence of infectious mononucleosis indicate an unfavorable epidemiological situation.
• Deterioration of the EBV epidemic is influenced by the spread of other infections like HIV, HBV, HCV, tuberculosis, and SARS-CoV-2, impacting immunological reactivity.
• The EBV problem is classified as global, necessitating rapid implementation of surveillance and control measures.

Conclusions:

• The current epidemiological situation of Epstein-Barr viral infection (EBV) is concerning, characterized by widespread prevalence and rising infectious mononucleosis rates.
• Co-infections and altered population immunity significantly exacerbate the EBV epidemic.
• Effective control of EBV requires a global approach, including robust epidemiological surveillance and coordinated preventive strategies involving diverse medical specialists.