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Empathy and Burnout During Residency: Which Changes First?

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Burnout significantly increased in residents over time, preceding declines in empathy. Addressing resident burnout may help preserve empathy in medical training programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Psychology
  • Healthcare Professionals

Background:

  • Declining empathy and increasing burnout are significant concerns in medical residency programs.
  • Previous research indicates these trends in medical students and residents, but the sequence remains unclear.
  • Cross-sectional studies limit understanding of the temporal relationship between empathy decline and burnout.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the sequence of empathy decline and burnout increase in medical residents.
  • To conduct an individually-paired longitudinal analysis of empathy and burnout changes.

Main Methods:

  • 35 family medicine residents participated in an empathy survey and burnout assessment annually and mid-year from 2017.
  • Data were analyzed by aligning empathy scores with subsequent burnout measures and vice versa.
  • A high response rate of 94% (125 out of 133 opportunities) was achieved.

Main Results:

  • Burnout measures significantly increased over the residency years (P<.001).
  • Empathy scores showed a slight initial decrease followed by a near-baseline improvement, without a significant quadratic trend.
  • When burnout changes preceded empathy changes, a significant negative correlation was found (Spearman's ρ=-.300, P=.006).

Conclusions:

  • In this cohort, increased burnout occurred before decreases in empathy.
  • Findings suggest that interventions targeting burnout may be crucial for mitigating empathy decline in residents.
  • Further research is needed to support these findings and inform residency program strategies.