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Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
Published on: January 21, 2020
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Periodontitis: An Oral Disease with Severe Consequences
1Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata, Nadia, India. raypumicro@gmail.com.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
|September 13, 2022
Summary
Periodontitis, a common oral disease, involves gum inflammation and bone loss, often caused by poor hygiene and the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Early detection and prevention through good oral care and advanced treatments like 3D bioprinting are crucial for managing this multifactorial condition.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry and Oral Health
- Microbiology
- Immunology
Background:
- Periodontitis is a prevalent, multifactorial oral disease characterized by gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption.
- It is linked to lifestyle, hygiene, oral microbiome shifts, and the keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
- Periodontitis has bidirectional relationships with systemic, genetic, autoimmune, immunodeficiency, and psychological disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of periodontitis, encompassing its causes, pathogenesis, systemic links, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies.
- To highlight the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis and biofilm dynamics in disease progression.
- To explore emerging diagnostic and regenerative technologies for periodontitis management.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on periodontitis etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical management.
- Analysis of the role of microbial biofilms, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis, in disease.
- Examination of diagnostic tools including genetic, radiographic, CAD/CAE, and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches.
- Discussion of current treatments and future directions like tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting.
Main Results:
- Periodontitis is driven by microbial plaque, with Porphyromonas gingivalis as a key pathogen triggering destructive immune responses.
- The disease is complex, influenced by host genetics, systemic health, and behavioral factors.
- Various diagnostic methods, from genetic analysis to AI, aid in prediction and management.
- Treatment involves plaque removal, antibiotics, and preventive measures, with tissue engineering offering future regenerative potential.
Conclusions:
- Periodontitis is a significant oral health issue with complex etiologies and systemic implications.
- Effective management requires a multi-pronged approach including oral hygiene, professional treatment, and potentially advanced regenerative therapies.
- Further research into genetic predispositions and innovative treatments like 3D bioprinting is essential for improving patient outcomes.
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