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COVID-19-associated arthritis: an emerging new entity?
Bayram Farisogullari1, Ana S Pinto2, Pedro M Machado3,4,5
1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
RMD Open
|September 13, 2022
Summary
COVID-19-associated arthritis, a spectrum of new-onset joint inflammation linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, was reviewed. Most adult cases involved peripheral joints, responded to treatment, and were self-limiting, suggesting a possible causal link.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic presents clinical challenges, including arthritis presentations.
- Reported cases of arthritis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are inconsistently termed COVID-19 viral or reactive arthritis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review all reported cases of arthritis associated with COVID-19.
- To propose 'COVID-19-associated arthritis' as a unifying term for new-onset arthritis linked to SARS-CoV-2.
- To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of these cases.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database up to December 13, 2021.
- Inclusion of cohort studies, case series, and case reports of physician-diagnosed COVID-19 reactive or viral arthritis.
- Use of keywords related to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection and reactive arthritis.
Main Results:
- 31 articles reporting 33 cases of COVID-19-associated arthritis were included.
- The majority of cases (85%) were in adults, with peripheral joint involvement (79%).
- Most patients showed a good response to treatment, and the condition was generally self-limiting.
Conclusions:
- The reviewed cases suggest a possible causal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and arthritis onset.
- Alternative etiologies cannot be fully excluded due to the pandemic context.
- Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms and gather robust epidemiological data.
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