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Association between trichomoniasis and prostate and bladder diseases: a population-based case-control study

Hung-Yi Yang1, Ruei-Yu Su1, Chi-Hsiang Chung2,3

  • 1Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

Scientific Reports
|September 13, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Trichomonas vaginalis infection significantly increases the risk of developing benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) in men. This widespread STI may also be linked to increased cancer risk, highlighting the need for public health education.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a prevalent global sexually transmitted infection affecting millions.
  • Asymptomatic infections in men often lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
  • Chronic inflammation from persistent Trichomonas vaginalis infection may elevate the risk of genitourinary cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCa), and bladder cancer (BC) in Taiwan.
  • To evaluate the risk of these conditions in men with a history of trichomoniasis.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance database (2000-2015).
  • International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes were used for medical condition classification.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyzed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • The study included 62,544 cases and 187,632 controls.
  • Trichomoniasis exposure showed a significant association with BPH (OR=2.685) and PCa (OR=5.801).
  • The risk was substantially higher for individuals with both trichomoniasis and depression (OR=7.682).

Conclusions:

  • Men with Trichomonas vaginalis infection face a significantly higher risk of developing BPH and PCa.
  • Findings underscore the importance of public health education alongside disease treatment for STIs.
  • Further attention to the long-term urological health implications of trichomoniasis is warranted.

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