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Separating Proactive Conservation from Species Listing Decisions.

Adrienne I Kovach1, Amanda E Cheeseman2, Jonathan B Cohen3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proactive Conservation efforts, while popular, may overestimate species recovery. The New England cottontail case study shows species status worsened despite avoiding listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Keywords:
Cooperative conservationEndangered Species Act (ESA)New England cottontailPECE policyProactive ConservationSpecies status assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Biology
  • Wildlife Management
  • Endangered Species Policy

Background:

  • Proactive Conservation encourages voluntary efforts to protect at-risk species before regulatory listing.
  • The Policy for Evaluation of Conservation Efforts (PECE) is used with Proactive Conservation to avoid listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
  • Critical evaluations of Proactive Conservation outcomes, particularly regarding species status and recovery metrics, are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the outcomes of Proactive Conservation using the New England cottontail as a case study.
  • To assess the effectiveness of the PECE decision in preventing the listing of the New England cottontail under the ESA.
  • To examine the broader benefits and limitations of the Proactive Conservation paradigm in relation to ESA implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the history and current status of the New England cottontail based on scientific literature.
  • Analysis of the 2015 PECE decision and its impact on New England cottontail conservation.
  • Evaluation of Proactive Conservation's benefits and limitations concerning species status and recovery metrics.

Main Results:

  • The New England cottontail's status and recovery prospects under the PECE policy were overly optimistic; the species' condition has deteriorated since the listing decision.
  • Proactive Conservation, coupled with PECE, may be used to avoid ESA listing due to perceptions of the ESA as punitive, despite low extinction rates for listed species.
  • The current approach to recovery, linked to delisting, may be a barrier; decoupling recovery from delisting and focusing on persistence probability is suggested.

Conclusions:

  • The Proactive Conservation paradigm, as applied with PECE for the New England cottontail, did not ensure sufficient species recovery.
  • Revising recovery definitions to focus on probability of persistence could strengthen Species Status Assessments and improve endangered species management.
  • Recommendations are made for refining the role of Proactive Conservation within the ESA framework for future at-risk species management.