Analysis of patient's X-ray exposure in hepatic chemosaturation procedures: a single center experience

Hepatic chemosaturation is a technique in which a high dose of the chemotherapeutic agent melphalan is administered directly into the liver while limiting systemic side effects. We reviewed our institutional experience regarding patient's X-ray exposure caused by the procedure.

Fifty-five procedures, performed between 2016 and 2020 in 18 patients by three interventional radiologists (radiologist), were analyzed regarding the patient's exposure to radiation. Dose-area-product (DAP) and fluoroscopy time (FT) were correlated with the experience of the radiologist and whether the preprocedural evaluation (CS-EVA) and the procedure were performed by the same radiologist. Additionally, the impact of previous liver surgery on DAP/FT was analyzed.

Experienced radiologist require less DAP/FT (50 ± 18 Gy*cm²/13.2 ± 3.84 min vs. 69 ± 20 Gy*cm²/15.77 ± 7.82 min; p < 0.001). Chemosaturations performed by the same radiologist who performed CS-EVA required less DAP/FT (41 ± 12 Gy*cm²/11.46 ± 4.41 min vs. 62 ± 11 Gy*cm²/15.55 ± 7.91 min; p < 0.001). Chemosaturations in patients with prior liver surgery with involvement of the inferior cava vein required significantly higher DAP/FT (153 ± 27 Gy*cm²/25.43 ± 4.57 min vs. 56 ± 25 Gy*cm²/14.44 ± 7.55 min; p < 0.001).

There is a significant learning curve regarding the procedure of hepatic chemosaturation. Due to dose reduction the evaluation and chemosaturation therapy should be performed by the same radiologist. Procedures in patients with previous liver surgery require higher DAP/FT.