Multi-Omics and Integrative Approach towards Understanding Salinity Tolerance in Rice: A Review

Area of Science:

• Plant Science
• Agricultural Science
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Salinity stress is a major threat to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production and global food security.
• Understanding salt tolerance mechanisms is crucial for developing resilient rice varieties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review molecular-physiological responses, biochemical alterations, and hormonal signaling in rice under salinity stress.
• To highlight advances in multi-omics and computational biology for identifying salt tolerance genes and transcription factors (TFs).
• To summarize biotechnological tools, genetic engineering, breeding, and agricultural practices for enhancing rice salt tolerance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on molecular and physiological responses to salinity stress in rice.
• Analysis of multi-omics data and computational biology approaches for gene discovery.
• Synthesis of information on biotechnological and breeding strategies for salt tolerance.

Main Results:

• Salinity stress induces complex molecular and physiological changes in rice.
• Multi-omics and computational biology are powerful tools for identifying salt-responsive genes and TFs.
• Various biotechnological and agricultural strategies can be employed to improve rice salt tolerance.

Conclusions:

• Enhancing rice salt tolerance requires a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms.
• Integrating multi-omics, genetic engineering, and advanced breeding offers significant opportunities.
• Further research using powerful tools is needed to uncover novel players and refine salinity stress response pathways.