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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

301
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
301
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

414
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
414
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

314
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
314
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

188
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
188
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

226
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
226
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

899
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
899

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
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Co-existent breast malignancy and contralateral primary axillary tuberculosis.

Sam Dluzewski1, Adam Brown1, Besma Musaddaq1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Royal Free Hospital, Pond St, London, UK.

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|September 14, 2022
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Summary

Breast tuberculosis is rare, mimicking cancer and challenging diagnosis. Differentiating it from breast cancer is crucial for accurate staging and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Breast tuberculosis (TB) is exceptionally rare, accounting for <0.1% of breast diseases in developed nations.
  • Tuberculous infections are declining but remain notable in specific regions, like North West London (24.8/100,000).

Observation:

  • Breast TB presentation often mimics malignancy, with clinical and mammographic similarities, including nodules and axillary lymphadenopathy.
  • A case series showed solitary breast lumps in 87% of breast TB cases, and 30% present with axillary lymphadenopathy.

Findings:

  • This case highlights synchronous presentation of localized breast cancer and tuberculous lymphadenitis.
  • Accurate differentiation is vital as axillary lymph node metastasis significantly impacts breast cancer staging and management.

Implications:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of breast TB is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate oncological and surgical management.
  • Increased awareness of breast TB's mimetic potential is needed, especially in endemic areas or regions with rising TB rates.