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Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: A meta-summary of cases

Naif Saad ALGhasab1, Leen A Altamimi1, Mohammed Salem Alharbi1

  • 1From the Department of Internal Medicine (ALGhasab), Medical Collage, Ha'il University; from the Department of Medicine (Alharbi), College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il; from the College of Medicine (Altamimi), King Saud University, Riyadh; from the Department of Surgery (ALMesned), Medical College, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Medicine (ALGhasab, Khetan), McMaster University, Canada.

Saudi Medical Journal
|September 14, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a significant concern in COVID-19 patients. Early suspicion and diagnosis are crucial, even in those on anticoagulation, to improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
  • Understanding the clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcomes of VTE in COVID-19 patients is critical for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize cases of VTE (pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis) in COVID-19 patients.
  • To discuss the symptoms, diagnostic methods, clinical features, and prognosis of VTE in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases.
  • Studies published between December 1, 2019, and May 5, 2021, were included.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two articles describing 48 COVID-19 patients with VTE were analyzed.
  • The majority of patients (79.1%) had pulmonary embolism (PE), and 20.9% had deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
  • Comorbidities were common (70.8%), and 85.4% had VTE risk factors; 56.3% received anticoagulation, yet complications occurred in 27.1%.

Conclusions:

  • VTE should be suspected in COVID-19 patients, particularly males, the elderly, and those with comorbidities or elevated D-dimer levels.
  • VTE must be considered even in patients receiving anticoagulation or presenting with stable disease.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are essential, as 80.4% of patients achieved recovery.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19DVTPEVTEdeep venoushypercoagulabilitypulmonary embolism

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