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Sleep disorders in Wilson's disease: a questionnaire study.

Zhifei You¹, Hui Xu², Zhonghua Wu²

¹Department of Neurology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

|September 14, 2022

Summary

Patients with Wilson's disease (WD) experience significant sleep disturbances, including insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Neurological WD patients show worse sleep quality and a stronger correlation between disease severity and sleep issues.

Keywords:

Questionnaire study Sleep disorders Sleep quality Sleepiness Wilson’s disease

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Sleep Medicine
Genetics

Background:

Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare genetic disorder of copper metabolism.
Sleep disturbances are increasingly recognized as a complication in various neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of sleep disorders in patients with Wilson's disease (WD).
To identify factors influencing sleep quality and explore potential underlying mechanisms in WD patients.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving 150 WD patients (categorized into hepatic, neurologic, and asymptomatic forms) and 150 controls.
Utilized standardized sleep questionnaires: Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Main Results:

WD patients exhibited poorer sleep quality (higher ESS and PSQI scores, lower PDSS scores) compared to controls.
The incidence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was significantly higher in WD patients.
Neurological WD patients reported worse sleep quality (lower PDSS, higher ESS) and a stronger negative correlation between disease severity (UWDRS) and sleep quality (PDSS).

Conclusions:

Sleep disturbances are common in WD, manifesting as insomnia, nocturnal motor symptoms, and EDS.
Neurological WD patients experience more severe sleep impairments.
Disease severity, particularly in the neurological form, is linked to poorer sleep outcomes in WD.