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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Production and Purification of Non Replicative Canine Adenovirus Type 2 Derived Vectors
Published on: December 3, 2013
A new (old) bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 subtype: BVDV-2e
Pablo Sebastian Britto de Oliveira1,2, José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior3,4, Rudi Weiblen1
1Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 63A, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.
Abstract:
Bovine pestiviruses are members of the species Pestivirus A (bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, BVDV-1), Pestivirus B (BVDV-2) or Pestivirus H (HoBiPeV). To date, BVDV-2 isolates/strains have been classified into three subtypes (a-c) by phylogenetic analysis, and an additional subtype (d) has been proposed based on 5' untranslated region (UTR) secondary structures. In a previous study, we identified some BVDV-2 sequences in the GenBank database that could not be classified as subtype a, b or c by phylogenetic analysis of their genomes, UTRs or individual genes. Here, we performed a detailed study of these sequences and assessed whether they might represent a distinct BVDV-2 subtype. Initially, we collected 85 BVDV-2 complete/near-complete genomes (CNCGs) from GenBank and performed a "proof of equivalence" between phylogenetic analyses based on CNCGs and open reading frames (ORFs), which showed that ORFs may be reliably used as a reference target for BVDV-2 phylogeny, allowing us to increase our dataset to 139 sequences. Among these, we found seven sequences that could not be classified as BVDV-2a-c. The same was observed in the phylogenetic analysis of CNCGs and viral genes. In addition, the seven non-BVDV-2a-c sequences formed a distinct cluster in all phylogenetic trees, which we propose to term BVDV-2e. BVDV-2e also showed 44 amino acid changes compared to BVDV-2a-c, 20 of which are in well-defined positions. Importantly, an additional phylogenetic analysis including BVDV-2d and a pairwise comparison of BVDV-2e and BVDV-2d sequences also supported the difference between these subtypes. Finally, we propose the recognition of BVDV-2e as a distinct BVDV-2 subtype and encourage its inclusion in future phylogenetic analyses to understand its distribution and evolution.
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