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Glucose-driven TOR-FIE-PRC2 signalling controls plant development.

Ruiqiang Ye^1,2, Meiyue Wang^3,4,5, Hao Du^6,7

¹Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ye@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu.

|September 14, 2022

Summary

Glucose-activated Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase in plants controls cell fate and development by regulating histone methylation. This nutrient-signaling pathway impacts plant organogenesis and the transition to flowering.

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Epigenetics
Molecular Signaling

Background:

Nutrients and energy are crucial for plant development.
The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase integrates nutrient signals to control growth.
TOR's role in developmental transitions and differentiation is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how glucose-activated TOR kinase influences epigenetic modifications and developmental programs in Arabidopsis thaliana.
To identify and characterize TOR targets involved in regulating cell fate and development.

Main Methods:

Genome-wide analysis of histone H3 trimethylation at K27 (H3K27me3).
Identification of FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE) as a TOR target.
Phosphorylation site mutation analysis of FIE.
Transcriptome reprogramming analysis.
Investigation of the glucose-TOR-FIE-Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) signaling pathway.

Main Results:

Glucose-activated TOR kinase controls genome-wide H3K27me3 levels in Arabidopsis.
FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE) is a direct TOR target, and its phosphorylation by TOR drives nuclear translocation.
Disruption of FIE phosphorylation abrogates H3K27me3, alters the transcriptome, and impairs organogenesis.
The glucose-TOR-FIE-PRC2 pathway regulates the vernalization-induced floral transition.

Conclusions:

The glucose-TOR-FIE-PRC2 signaling axis acts as a nutritional checkpoint.
This pathway epigenetically silences genes controlling stem cell fate and organ patterning.
Nutrient signaling directly reprograms the epigenome, influencing developmental transitions in plants.