Study on plasma metabolomics for HIV/AIDS patients treated by HAART based on LC/MS-MS

Background: Metabolomics can be applied to the clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS biomarkers have become a new direction of AIDS research providing clinical guidance for diagnosis. Objective: We sought to apply both untargeted and targeted metabolomic profiling to identify potential biomarkers for AIDS patients. Methods: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on plasma samples of patients before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treatment as well as healthy volunteers to identify potential AIDS biomarkers. Targeted quantitative analysis was performed on the potential biomarkers screened from untargeted metabolic profiling for verification. Results: Using the Mass Profiler Professional and the MassHunter, several potential biomarkers have been found by LC-MS/MS in the untargeted metabolomic study. High-resolution MS and MS/MS were used to analyze fragmentation rules of the metabolites, with comparisons of related standards. Several potential biomarkers have been identified, including PS(O-18:0/0:0), sphingosine, PE (21:0/0:0), and 1-Linoleoyl Glycerol. Targeted quantitative analysis showed that sphingosine and 1-Linoleoyl Glycerol might be closely related to HIV/AIDS, which may be the potential biomarkers to the diagnosis. Conclusion: We conducted untargeted metabolomic profiling, which indicates that several metabolites should be considered potential biomarkers for AIDS patients. Further targeted metabolomic research verified that d-Sphingosine and 1-Linoleoyl glycerol as the diagnostic biomarker of AIDS.