Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat
12:41

Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat

Published on: August 28, 2021

4.4K

Low-dose adjuvant dexmedetomidine did not decrease propofol sedation requirements in children undergoing

Eric G Johnson1,2, Sarah G Weaver3, Kelsey L Batt1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.

Pharmacotherapy
|September 15, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Adjuvant dexmedetomidine did not reduce propofol dose for pediatric endoscopy. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine experienced more hypotension and longer recovery times post-procedure.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Propofol is the primary agent for deep sedation during pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).
  • Dexmedetomidine is sometimes used as an adjunct, with potential for propofol-sparing effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if adding dexmedetomidine to propofol reduces the total propofol dose required for pediatric EGD.
  • To assess the impact of adjuvant dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic stability and recovery time.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center, retrospective cohort study involving 159 pediatric patients undergoing EGD.
  • Patients received either propofol alone (PRO) or dexmedetomidine with propofol (DEX-PRO).
  • Propofol dosage, hemodynamic changes, and recovery times were analyzed; multivariable regression identified factors influencing recovery.

Main Results:

  • The median propofol dose was similar between the DEX-PRO (0.26 mg/kg/min) and PRO (0.27 mg/kg/min) groups (p=0.730).
  • The DEX-PRO group exhibited significantly more post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) hypotension (61% vs. 34%, p=0.001).
  • Recovery time was longer in the DEX-PRO group (32.9 min vs. 25.6 min, p<0.001), with age and dexmedetomidine use associated with prolonged recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Adjuvant dexmedetomidine does not decrease propofol requirements for pediatric EGD.
  • The use of dexmedetomidine in this setting was associated with increased hypotension and extended postoperative recovery.
  • Findings suggest caution when using dexmedetomidine as an adjunct for sedation in pediatric EGD due to adverse hemodynamic and recovery outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
dexmedetomidineesophagogastroduodenoscopypediatricpropofolsedation

More Related Videos

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.4K
Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits06:46

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

392

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
188
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
443
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
621
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
590
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
231
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
273