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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Related Experiment Video

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Porcine Model of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
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HIV-associated infective native aortic aneurysms.

Adam Jönsson1, Oskar Ljungquist1,2, Karl Sörelius3,4

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
|September 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This review details patient characteristics of HIV-associated infective native aortic aneurysms (INAA). HIV-INAA patients are younger, have lower cardiovascular comorbidity, and present with diverse pathogens like Treponema pallidum and Mycobacterium species.

Keywords:
AIDSHIVHuman immunodeficiency virusInfective native aortic aneurysm

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • HIV-associated infective native aortic aneurysms (INAA) are rare, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of patient demographics and disease characteristics.
  • This systematic literature review aims to consolidate current knowledge on patients diagnosed with HIV-INAA.

Approach:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases, searching for "HIV" and "aortic aneurysm" from 1981 to 2022.
  • Data were extracted from 33 case reports (39 patients) following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on patient demographics, comorbidities, microbiological findings, HIV status, aneurysm location, treatment, and outcomes.

Key Points:

  • The median age of patients was 48 years, with 90% being male. Cardiovascular comorbidity was low (3%), and 31% had AIDS, with a median CD4 count of 216.
  • Common pathogens included Treponema pallidum (31%), Salmonella spp. (26%), Mycobacterium species (12%), and Staphylococcal spp. (13%).
  • Abdominal aorta involvement was most frequent (82%). Treatment involved open surgery (59%), endovascular repair (15%), or no surgery (18%). Two patients (7%) experienced fatal postoperative sepsis.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-INAA patients are typically younger, exhibit less cardiovascular comorbidity, and present with lower CD4 counts compared to non-HIV INAA patients.
  • The microbiological profile of HIV-INAA is distinct, with Treponema pallidum and Mycobacterium species being notably more prevalent than in other INAA cases.
  • Understanding these unique characteristics is crucial for optimizing diagnosis, treatment strategies, and patient management for HIV-associated infective native aortic aneurysms.