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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats
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Defining and assessing immediacy in single-case experimental designs.

Rumen Manolov1, Patrick Onghena2

  • 1Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|September 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study reviews immediacy definitions in single-case data analysis. A sensitivity analysis using randomization tests helps detect robust immediate effects by testing various definitions and intervention points.

Keywords:
immediacylatencyrandomizationsingle-case experimental designs

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral analysis
  • Single-case experimental designs

Background:

  • Immediacy is a crucial, yet under-examined, data aspect in single-case data analysis.
  • Existing literature lacks comprehensive reviews of conceptual and operational definitions of immediacy.

Approach:

  • This study reviews existing conceptual and operational definitions of immediacy.
  • A sensitivity analysis employing a randomization test is proposed for assessing immediate effects.
  • The analysis tests multiple intervention points and operational definitions to identify clear changes.

Key Points:

  • Immediacy assessment in single-case designs requires clear conceptual and operational definitions.
  • Sensitivity analysis with randomization tests offers a robust method for evaluating immediate effects.
  • Convergence across different operational definitions indicates reliable detection of immediate effects.

Conclusions:

  • Standardizing the assessment of immediacy is vital for rigorous single-case data analysis.
  • The proposed sensitivity analysis enhances the reliability of detecting immediate effects in intervention studies.
  • Further research should focus on refining operational definitions and validating sensitivity analysis methods.