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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis

Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis

Published on: December 16, 2016

High seas treaty within reach.

Kristina M Gjerde¹, Harriet Harden-Davies², Kahlil Hassanali³

¹Kristina M. Gjerde is the senior high seas adviser of the Ocean Team at the International Union for Conservation of Nature, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 15, 2022

Summary

The ocean mitigates climate change but needs biodiversity, which is threatened by human activities. A UN treaty to protect biodiversity in the high seas failed to finalize due to unresolved issues, requiring renewed efforts.

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Area of Science:

Marine conservation biology
International environmental law
Climate change science

Background:

The ocean is a critical climate regulator, but its biodiversity is under severe threat from climate change, overfishing, pollution, and resource exploitation.
High seas and deep seabed ecosystems, beyond national jurisdiction, are particularly vulnerable, necessitating international cooperation for their protection.

Discussion:

Member states of the United Nations have been negotiating an international treaty since 2018 to safeguard high-seas biodiversity.
The objective is to manage human pressures to sustain marine biodiversity, addressing threats in areas beyond national jurisdiction.

Key Insights:

The fifth session of the UN Intergovernmental Conference, intended to finalize the treaty, concluded without reaching an agreement.
Fundamental disagreements among negotiators prevented the timely adoption of the high-seas biodiversity treaty.
Urgent action and political will are required to overcome remaining obstacles and secure a treaty.

Outlook:

Resuming dialogue promptly is crucial for achieving a timely treaty.
Increased public and political support is essential to surmount the hurdles and ensure the protection of global ocean biodiversity.
The success of future conservation efforts hinges on the establishment of this international legal framework.