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Dental age estimation based on DNA methylation using real-time methylation-specific PCR
Ayano Ogata1, Masahiro Kondo1, Masaaki Yoshikawa2
1Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
Forensic Science International
|September 15, 2022
Summary
DNA methylation in ELOVL2 and EDARADD genes can accurately estimate chronological age. A combined regression model using these epigenetic markers in teeth provides reliable age estimation across the human lifespan.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Epigenetics
- Genetics
Background:
- Accurate age estimation is vital in forensic investigations.
- DNA methylation patterns in specific genes offer potential biomarkers for age prediction.
- Previous studies show DNA methylation-based age estimation models using technologies like pyrosequencing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a DNA methylation-based age estimation model using ELOVL2 and EDARADD genes.
- To assess the accuracy of a multiple regression model combining these two genes for age prediction.
Main Methods:
- Designed and selected optimal primer sets for ELOVL2 and EDARADD.
- Analyzed DNA methylation levels in 59 tooth samples using real-time methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (RT-MSP).
- Developed a multiple regression model and validated it with 40 independent samples.
Main Results:
- ELOVL2 methylation positively correlated with age (R² = 0.50).
- EDARADD methylation negatively correlated with age (R² = 0.44).
- The combined model achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.69 years, validated at 8.28 years.
Conclusions:
- A multiple regression model integrating ELOVL2 and EDARADD methylation levels provides accurate chronological age estimation.
- This epigenetic approach is effective across the human lifespan and useful in forensic contexts.
