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An Otto engine is a four-stroke engine that uses a mixture of gasoline and air as the working fuel. The fuel is injected into the cylinder, and the piston is moved completely down so that the cylinder is at maximum volume. By moving the piston up, adiabatic compression takes place. The spark plug ignites the gasoline-air mixture, and the burning fuel adds heat to the system at a constant volume. The heated mixture expands adiabatically and gets further cooled by exhausting heat, and this cyclic...
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The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
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A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C, whose plates have area A and separation distance d, is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage V. The current starts to flow at t = 0. What is the displacement current between the capacitor plates at time t? From the properties of the capacitor, what is the corresponding real current?
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Optimization of asymmetric quantum Otto engine cycles.

Rahul Shastri1, B Prasanna Venkatesh1

  • 1Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.

Physical Review. E
|September 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study optimizes quantum Otto heat engines with unequal compression and expansion times. Optimal performance and reliability show surprising jumps, with specific cycle durations yielding peak efficiency and stability.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Nonequilibrium processes

Background:

  • Finite-time thermodynamic cycles are crucial for understanding real-world engines.
  • Quantum heat engines offer potential for higher efficiency and novel functionalities.
  • Optimizing engine performance under constraints like finite time is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the optimization of work output and fluctuations in a finite-time quantum Otto heat engine.
  • To analyze the impact of asymmetric work strokes (unequal compression and expansion times) on engine performance.
  • To identify conditions for maximizing both work output and reliability (work output to standard deviation ratio).

Main Methods:

  • Modeling a quantum Otto cycle using harmonic oscillator and two-level system working substances.

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  • Analyzing the effects of the asymmetry parameter (ratio of compression to expansion time, r_u).
  • Investigating the dependence of optimal parameters on the total cycle time.

    • Main Results:

    • Optimal asymmetry parameter values (r_u) exhibit discontinuities with respect to total cycle time.
    • Reliability, defined as the ratio of average work output to its standard deviation, also shows discontinuities.
    • Specific cycle durations were identified where both maximum work output and maximum reliability occur simultaneously for the same r_u.

    Conclusions:

    • Asymmetric finite-time quantum Otto cycles present complex optimization landscapes.
    • Discontinuities in optimal parameters highlight the sensitive nature of quantum engine performance.
    • The identification of specific optimal durations offers practical insights for designing efficient and reliable quantum engines.