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Aspergilloma in Non-tuberculous Cavities in the Lung: Not to Get Startled

Sai Tej Pavirala1, S Anusha Rao1, Gaurav Sahu1

  • 1Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND.

Cureus
|September 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Aspergillus fungus can cause lung cavities (aspergilloma) in immunocompromised individuals. This report details rare cases of aspergilloma resulting from pulmonary thromboembolism and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, not just tuberculosis.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Aspergilloma, a fungal infection of the lung, typically occurs in pre-existing cavities, most commonly due to tuberculosis (TB).
  • The fungus Aspergillus is a common colonizer in healthy individuals but can cause disease in immunocompromised patients or those with lung conditions.
  • Identifying the underlying cause of lung cavities is crucial for managing aspergilloma.

Observation:

  • This study presents two unique cases of pulmonary aspergilloma.
  • Case 1 involved a patient with a cavity secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism.
  • Case 2 involved a patient with a cavity secondary to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Findings:

  • Aspergilloma developed in lung cavities caused by uncommon conditions: pulmonary thromboembolism and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
  • These cases highlight that aspergilloma can arise from etiologies other than the typical tuberculous cavities.
  • The findings expand the known spectrum of predisposing conditions for pulmonary aspergilloma.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider a broader range of underlying lung pathologies when diagnosing aspergilloma.
  • This broadens the differential diagnosis for pulmonary cavities, especially in non-TB endemic regions.
  • Further research into Aspergillus pathogenesis in diverse lung diseases is warranted.
Keywords:
aspergillomacavityfungal ballipfpulmonary embolism

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