Massive Hemoptysis in Previously Treated Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Series

Area of Science:

• Pulmonary Medicine
• Interventional Radiology

Background:

• Hemoptysis, particularly massive hemoptysis, is a serious complication in patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).
• This condition is often linked to parenchymal distortion and vascular abnormalities resulting from previous TB infections.
• Massive hemoptysis poses significant risks, including hemodynamic instability and airway compromise, leading to high morbidity and mortality.

Observation:

• This case series presents two patients experiencing massive hemoptysis due to ruptured bronchial arteries.
• Both patients underwent successful hemostasis achieved through fluoroscopy-guided arterial embolization.
• The cases underscore the diverse causes of hemoptysis in individuals with post-pulmonary TB destruction.

Findings:

• Bronchial artery rupture is a critical cause of massive hemoptysis in patients with sequelae of pulmonary TB.
• Fluoroscopy-guided arterial embolization is an effective interventional radiology technique for achieving hemostasis in such cases.
• A range of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are necessary to manage hemoptysis in this patient population.

Implications:

• Prompt diagnosis and precise localization of the bleeding source are crucial for managing life-threatening hemoptysis in post-TB patients.
• Interventional radiology, specifically arterial embolization, offers a vital treatment option for massive hemoptysis.
• Effective management can prevent fatal outcomes and reduce complications associated with massive hemoptysis in patients with prior pulmonary TB.