Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

45
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
45
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

25
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
25
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

54.7K
Overview
54.7K
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

25
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
25
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

649
Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
649
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

26
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
26

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Fucus vesiculosus</i> fucoidan alone and in combination with simvastatin is associated with both alleviation of atherosclerosis and modulations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites in New Zealand rabbits.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same author

Structural characterization and in vitro evaluation of the hypolipidemic activity of the HSP-Ia, a bioactive polysaccharide derived from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds.

Carbohydrate polymers·2026
Same author

Chemically modified polysaccharides: A review of structure-activity relationships and mechanisms for enhanced bioactivity.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

The combination of Fucus vesiculosus-derived fucoidan and simvastatin attenuates atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet plus balloon catheter injury in New Zealand rabbits.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same author

High Maternal Glycine Levels Increase the Risk of Developing Atrial Septal Defect in the Offspring.

JACC. Basic to translational science·2025
Same author

Mechanisms of action of Fucus vesiculosus-derived fucoidan on improving dyslipidemia in New Zealand rabbits fed a high-fat diet.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

14.7K

Low-density lipoprotein particles in atherosclerosis.

Ya-Nan Qiao1, Yan-Li Zou1, Shou-Dong Guo1

  • 1Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.

Frontiers in Physiology
|September 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Low-density lipoprotein particle (LDL-P) levels, particularly small dense LDL (sdLDL) and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), are more accurate predictors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk than LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). New therapies like PCSK9 inhibitors offer improved LDL lowering.

Keywords:
LDL particlePCSK9PCSK9 inhibitoratherosclerosiscardiovascular disease

More Related Videos

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

9.4K
Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

14.7K
Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

9.4K
Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis
  • Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, with atherosclerosis as its pathological basis.
  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a critical role in atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) development.
  • Traditional LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels do not fully capture residual ASCVD risk in many patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review LDL metabolism and the discordance between LDL-C and LDL-P.
  • To outline the atherogenic mechanisms of LDL particles, focusing on small dense LDL (sdLDL) and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL).
  • To summarize methods for measuring LDL subclasses and review advances in LDL-lowering therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on LDL metabolism, atherosclerosis, and lipid-lowering therapies.
  • Analysis of prospective studies comparing LDL-C and LDL particle (LDL-P) as CVD risk predictors.
  • Summary of methodologies for LDL subclass analysis and discussion of statin and PCSK9 inhibitor efficacy.

Main Results:

  • LDL particle (LDL-P) number is a more accurate predictor of ASCVD risk than LDL-C.
  • Small dense LDL (sdLDL) and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) exhibit enhanced atherogenic properties.
  • Statins reduce LDL-C and LDL-P, while PCSK9 inhibitors show significant efficacy in lowering LDL-C, LDL-P, and CVD events.

Conclusions:

  • LDL-P, sdLDL, and ox-LDL are crucial factors in ASCVD pathogenesis.
  • Discordance between LDL-C and LDL-P highlights the need for comprehensive risk assessment.
  • PCSK9 inhibitors represent a significant advancement in managing hyperlipidemia and reducing ASCVD risk.