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Clinical Characteristics, Complications, and Predictors of Poor Outcome Among Hospitalized Adult COVID-19 Patients: A

Tariq Abdulrahman Tabbakh1,2, Hashem H Alhashemi1,2, Khalid Alharbi3

  • 1Medicine, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.

Cureus
|September 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Predictors of poor outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients include comorbidities and organ injuries. Identifying these factors aids in managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and improving patient prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • International studies have documented COVID-19 outcomes, but national data on predictors of poor outcomes in hospitalized adults are limited.
  • This study addresses the need for national insights into clinical characteristics, complications, and predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical features and complications of COVID-19 in hospitalized adult patients.
  • To identify predictors associated with poor outcomes, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study including 527 adult patients admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC)-Jeddah between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020.
  • Clinical features and complications were analyzed for association with poor outcomes using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
  • Logistic regression identified predictors of poor outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Of 527 patients, 97 (18%) experienced poor outcomes (ICU admission or death). Mortality was 8%.
  • Shortness of breath, oxygen saturation <92%, and abnormal chest x-ray findings were associated with poor outcomes (P < 0.001).
  • Predictors of poor outcomes included updated Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), liver injury (OR 2.6), acute kidney injury (OR 4.3), and acute cardiac injury (OR 5.1).

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 is linked to substantial morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients.
  • Key predictors of poor outcomes are multiple comorbidities (updated CCI) and organ-specific injuries (liver, kidney, cardiac).
  • Patients with multiple comorbidities and/or COVID-19 complications face an increased risk of severe disease progression.

Keywords:
covid-19intensive care unitoutcomepredictorsupdated charlson comorbidity index

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